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FRM二级金融市场考试中会提供FRM公式表吗?

FRM考试中有大量的计算题,因此是需要用到FRM公式的。考生在平常的备考中一定要熟练掌握,并且还需要能够熟练运用。有考生咨询到,在实际的FRM考试中,会提供FRM公式表吗?

在考试中,是不会提供任何FRM公式的,因此,都是需要考生自己在平常中记忆的。下面是小编列举的有关FRM二级金融市场相关的FRM公式表。

Blockchain Technology:》》》戳:各科视频讲义+历年真题+21年原版书(PDF版)免·费领取

In finance, transaction history can be recorded in a blockchain. This information can be kept in

multiple locations in the chain indefinitely, which creates a highly secure record of transactions.

Bitcoin is a P2P payment system that uses blockchain technology.

Fintech and Market Structure:

Fintech refers to firms focused on financial innovation through the application of technology.

Bigtech refers to large, established technology companies. Market structure refers to factors benefiting financial markets as well as factors that determine risks. Drivers of market structure are APIs, mobile banking, cloud computing, the EU’s revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2).

Digital Money:

Types of money or payment include (1) central bank money (issued by a central bank), (2) cryptocurrency (issued on the blockchain by nonbanks), (3) b-money (issued by banks), (4) e-money (electronic money offered by the private sector), and (5) i-money (investment money issued by private investment funds).E-money characteristics that encourage widespread adoption are convenience, ubiquity, complementarity, low transaction costs, trust, and network effects.

Big Data:》》》点我咨询21年FRM备考技巧

Large datasets require tools that are more advanced than simple spreadsheet analysis. Overfitting and variable selection are ongoing challenges. Tools for analyzing big datasets include (1) classification and regression trees, (2) cross-validation, (3) conditional inference trees, (4) random forests, and (5) penalized regression.

Machine Learning (ML):

Uses algorithms that allow computers to learn without programming. Supervised ML predicts

outcomes based on specific inputs, whereas unsupervised ML analyzes data to identify patterns

without estimating a dependent variable. ML can be applied to three classes of statistical problems: (1) regression, (2) classification, and (3) clustering.

Artificial Intelligence (AI):

The growing use of fintech, including AI and ML, is driven by cost savings and increased revenue.

Firms use AI and ML to evaluate credit quality, optimize capital allocation, assess trading impacts,

predict changes in securities prices and price volatility, and perform regulatory functions in financial markets.【资料下载】点击下载融跃教育FRM考试公式表

Climate-Related Risks:

Climate change generates (1) physical risks, which result from the physical impacts of climate change (e.g., fires, floods, heatwaves), and (2) transition risks, which result from the migration of energy and industry transitions in response to climate change risk (e.g., policy and reputational risks).

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