ACCA-LW章节中英文知识点Chapter2先例会失效吗？，Chapter 2 Sources of law
1.3 先例会失效吗？ Yes, 5种情况下会失效
Factors determining whether or not a precedent is binding
1.3.1 Court hierarchy等级结构
1.3.2 Established precedents will not be binding
1.3.1 Court hierarchy 等级结构
Only decisions of the higher courts in important cases can create precedent
1.3.2 Established precedents will not be binding
• Overrule否决
• Reverse推翻
• Distinguishing 区分(material facts similar——persuasive)
• ratio decidendi obsure
• Per incuriam
1.3.2.1 Overrule否决
• Where an earlier decision was made by a lower court, the judges of a higher court can overrule the ratio of that earlier case if they disagree with the lower court's statement of the law. The outcome of the earlier judgement remains the same, but will not be followed in future.
• 否决：指高级地位的法院否决了之前低级法院的判决结果作为先例的权利。比如：因为时代变迁，过去的法律规则不再适用于现在，因此高级地位的法院否决了之前案件所形成的先例;高级地位的法院会出一个updated decision适用现在及将来，之前当时的判决结果仍然有效。
