ACCA考友联盟直推ACCA考试科目MA干货系列-38条学霸笔记后12条

本文为ACCA考试备考科目MA38条学霸笔记*后的12条。ACCA MA全称是Management Accounting，即管理会计，课程整体难度一般，差异分析的部分考试可能有些难度，另外财务比率的计算需要掌握，为今后的学习打好基础。融跃教育ACCA项目ACCA考友联盟继续为考友直推后13条ACCA MA学霸笔记。

27. critical success factor

A critical success factor is a performance requirement that is fundamental to competitive success.

28. Profitability ratios：

①Return on capital employed (ROCE)

=profit before interest and tax /(shareholders’ funds+ long-term liabilities) × 100%

② Return on equity (ROE)=profit after tax / shareholders’ funds × 100%

③Asset turnover=sales/ capital employed× 100%

=sales/(shareholders’ funds+ long-term liabilities) × 100%

④Profit margin= profit before interest and tax / sales × 100%

Profit margin × asset turnover = ROCE

29.Debt and gearing ratios：

①Debt-to-equity ratio=long-term liabilities / total equity × 100%

②Interest cover=PBIT/ Interest× 100%

30.Liquidity ratios：

①Current ratio =current assets/ current liabilities

②Quick ratio ( acid test ratio)=current assets minus inventory / current liabilities

31.Working capital ratios：

①Inventory days= average inventory *365 / cost of sales

②Receivables days= average trade receivables * 365 / sales

③Payables days= average trade payables *365 / cost of sales (or purchases)

32.Non-financial performance measures

Non-financial performance measures are considered to be leading indicators of financial performance.

① Market share

②Innovation

③Growth

④Productivity

⑤Quality

⑥Social aspects

33.The balanced scorecard :

① financial perspective

② external perspective

③ customer perspective

④ learning and innovation perspective

34.Benchmarking :

① Internal benchmarking

② Competitive benchmarking

③ Functional benchmarking

④ Strategic benchmarking

35.Value analysis

Value analysis is a planned, scientific approach to cost reduction, which reviews the material composition of a product and the product';s design so that modifications and improvements can be made which do not reduce the value of the product to the customer or user.

36.Four aspects of 'value'should be considered:

① Cost value

② Exchange value

③ Utility value

④Esteem value

37.ROI

ROI=PBIT / capital employed *100%

Widely used and accepted; As a relative measure it enables comparisons to be made with divisions or companies of different sizes.

38.RI

RI=PBIT- Imputed interest * capital employed.

Possible to use different rates of interest for different types of assets; Cost of finance is being considered.